Hyderabad is the capital and largest city of the Indian
state of Andhra Pradesh. It occupies 650 square kilometres (250 sq mi) on the
banks of the Musi River on the Deccan Plateau in southern India. The population
of the city is 6.8 million and that of its metropolitan area is 7.75 million,
making it India's fourth most populous city and sixth most populous urban
agglomeration. The Hyderabad Municipal Corporation was expanded in 2007 to form
the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation. As a growing metropolitan city in
a developing country, Hyderabad experiences substantial pollution and other
logistical and socio-economic problems.
Hyderabad was established in 1591 CE by Muhammad Quli Qutb
Shah. It remained under the rule of the Qutb Shahi dynasty until 1687, when
Mughal emperor Aurangzeb conquered the region and the city became part of the
Deccan province of the Mughal empire. In 1724 Asif Jah I, a Mughal viceroy,
declared his sovereignty and formed the Asif Jahi dynasty, also known as the
Nizams of Hyderabad. The Nizams ruled the princely state of Hyderabad for more
than two centuries, in a subsidiary alliance with the British Raj. The city
remained the princely state's capital from 1769 to 1948, when the Nizam signed
an Instrument of Accession with the Indian Union at the conclusion of Operation
Polo. The 1956 States Reorganisation Act created the modern state of Andhra
Pradesh, with Hyderabad as its capital. Since 1969, Hyderabad has been a major
center of the Telangana movement, which demands that the Telangana region of
Andhra Pradesh should be made a separate state.
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